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          通俗理解 http 与 https
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<p>最近在 B 站上看了 <strong>啃芝士</strong> 老师分享的 <code>http</code> 和 <code>https</code> 视频教程。视频简短精悍，通俗易懂的阐明了两者的关系，所以整理了一下笔记，用于学习帮助理解。<br>原视频地址：<a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Tx411s7jZ?from=search&amp;seid=11397787170634668577" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Tx411s7jZ?from=search&amp;seid=11397787170634668577</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="http"><a href="#http" class="headerlink" title="http"></a>http</h1><p>HTTP 协议（HyperText Transfer Protocol，超文本传输协议）是因特网上应用最为广泛的一种网络传输协议，所有的 WWW 文件都必须遵守这个标准。</p>
<p>访问 <code>http</code> 网站，往往采用明文的方式向服务器发送内容，没有任何加密。如果用户发送了一些账号密码等隐私信息的话，很容易中间被爬虫劫持。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/guopengsong1/image-url/raw/master/20200824202657.gif" alt="爬虫劫持"></p>
<h1 id="https"><a href="#https" class="headerlink" title="https"></a>https</h1><p>HTTPS 是一种通过计算机网络进行安全通信的传输协议，经由 HTTP 进行通信，利用 <code>SSL/TLS</code> 建立全信道，加密数据包。<code>HTTPS</code> 使用的主要目的是提供对网站服务器的身份认证，同时保护交换数据的隐私与完整性。</p>
<p>访问 <code>https</code> 的网站，首先浏览器会和服务器建立一个安全的链接通道。然后服务器会发送一份网站的证书信息到客户端，相当于告诉客户端，你访问的服务器没有问题。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/guopengsong1/image-url/raw/master/20200824203206.gif" alt="客户端接收证书，确认访问的服务器没有问题"></p>
<p>确认了信息之后，服务器端会生成一个加锁的箱子，但是这个加锁的箱子，有两把不一样的钥匙。一把是给服务器自己的，一把是给客户端的。然后服务器会把没有上锁的箱子和钥匙发送给客户端。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/guopengsong1/image-url/raw/master/20200824203450.gif" alt="客户端接收钥匙和箱子"></p>
<p>客户端将需要发送的文件放在箱子中。然后用钥匙锁上，再发送给服务端。</p>
<p><img src="https://gitee.com/guopengsong1/image-url/raw/master/20200824204046.gif" alt="客户端锁上箱子后发送给服务端"></p>
<p>服务器接收了客户端发送的信息后，再用自己的钥匙打开箱子，来保证信息的安全。</p>
<p>在这个过程中，及时信息被拦截了，因为没有服务器的钥匙，以目前的技术来讲，很难去打开箱子破解。</p>
<p>所以一些大型网站，尤其是购物、登录、注册等网站，都采用了 <code>https</code> 协议进行传输。</p>

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